Mei Tai
What is a Mei Tai?
A Mei Tai is a carrier with a square or oblong body, with a long waist strap and two long shoulder straps. It is simple and easy to tie on your own. The length of the straps means it can fit any body shape or size, you and your partner can easily share it.
Why is a Mei Tai better for my baby’s development?
When a Mei Tai is worn correctly, baby's knees are positioned higher than the bottom and their legs are spread at the hips, so they are actually in a 'sitting' position. This better promotes spine and hip development. This is known as the spread/squat position. This position is anatomically correct for your baby and should be the position adopted with all baby carriers.
Why is a Mei Tai better for me?
A Mei Tai disperses the weight to your hips as well as your shoulders, which makes it very comfortable to carry your baby even for long periods. A Mei Tai will support your spine by spreading the weight evenly across your shoulders.
You can also alter the way the weight distributes by bringing the straps behind baby's back and back underneath the legs to the front for extra support. This works well with an older or heavier baby.
Multiple Carrying Positions
A Mei Tai can be used from birth until toddler age and you can carry your baby on the front or the back.
Portable and easy to use
Mei Tai’s fold up easily and can be kept in the car or home, or both!
With our large range of fabric choices you can really show your personality.
Comfortable
Mei tai’s are incredibly comfortable.
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Kota Mati ANI di Turki
Kota ini sebenarnya awalnya milik Armenia dan didirikan pada abad ke 5. Tetapi sayangnya kota ini menjadi korban dari sebuah perjuangan kolosal pada masa lalu demi perebutan kekuasaan oleh Armenia, Kurdi, Georgia, Mongol dan Turki.
Kota ini terletak di situs segitiga, visual dramatis dan alami defensive, dilindungi di sisi timur dengan jurang Sungai Akhurian dan sisi barat oleh Bostanlar atau lembah Tzaghkotzador.
Nama “Ani” sendiri berasal dari seorang warga Armenia yang bernama “Ani-Khamakh yang merupakan seorang sejarahwan.
Tujuan kota ini dibangun adalah sebagai titik perbatasan dan merupakan sebuah pemukiman tempat tinggal warga Armenia. Beberapa orang menyebut kota ini sebagai “Kota 1001 Gereja-gereja”, dan ada juga yang menyebutnya sebagai “kota 40 gerbang”. Namun anehnya tidak pernah ada yang menyebutnya sebagai “Rumah” selama lebih dari tiga abad.
Sekitar abad ke 9, kota Ani ini sempat merasa perdamaian pada saat kota ini dibawah kekuasaan dinasti Bagratuni dari Armenia. Perdamaian di kota ini berakhir ketika pada awal abad ke 10, terjadi sebuah konflik di keluarga kerajaan dan pada tahun 1045 kota Ani diambil alih oleh pasukan Yunani.
Tetapi tak lama setelah pengambil alihan kekuasaan itu, tepatnya pada tahun 1064, sultan Alp Arsian dari Turki menyerang kota ini dan mengambil alih pemerintahan kota ini. Selama penjajahan sultan Alp Arslan inilah terjadi sebuah pembantaian besar – besaran penduduk kota Ani oleh pasukan sultan Alp Arslan.
Penduduk kota Ani banyak yang melarikan diri saat penjajahan sultan Alp Arslan. Belum selesai penderitaan penduduk kota Ani, setelah sultan Alp Arslan menjual kota ini kepada pemimpin suku Kurdi, yang bernama Shaddadids, terjadilah perang besar antara suku Kurdi dengan kerajaan Georgia dimana terjadi pertumpahan darah dan korban jiwa di kedua belah pihak yang sangat besar. Suku Kurdi akhirnya berhasil dikalahkan pada tahun 1199.
Kota Ani yg sekarang menjadi kota mati, kota berhantu, tak berpenduduk selama lebih dari tiga abad dan terdampar di zona militer Turki diperbatasan Turki dengan Armenia. Semua sisa bangunan yang ada disini makin tidak terawat dari hari ke hari, tindakan iseng tak bertanggung jawab dari para pengunjung situs bersejarah ini, gempa bumi dan tidak adanya restorasi membuat sisa – sisa bangunan disini semakin rusak dan terabaikan, sehingga menimbulkan kesan seram dan penuh misteri.
Kota ini kemudian ditemukan kembali oleh seorang arkeolog di tahun 1921, tanpa populasi dan kehidupan. Suasana dingin bekas kerusakan akibat perang yang terjadi dan pembantaian masih bisa dirasakan. Pada Oktober 2010, Global Fund Heritage menyatakan bahwa kota ini berada di ambang sebuah kehancuran, banyak sisa – sisa bangunan yang tak bisa diperbaiki, dan terancam rata dengan tanah karena ada di daerah konflik perbatasan, yg masih diperebutkan Turki dan Armenia sampai sekarang.
source
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| ani-cathedral |
Nama “Ani” sendiri berasal dari seorang warga Armenia yang bernama “Ani-Khamakh yang merupakan seorang sejarahwan.
Tujuan kota ini dibangun adalah sebagai titik perbatasan dan merupakan sebuah pemukiman tempat tinggal warga Armenia. Beberapa orang menyebut kota ini sebagai “Kota 1001 Gereja-gereja”, dan ada juga yang menyebutnya sebagai “kota 40 gerbang”. Namun anehnya tidak pernah ada yang menyebutnya sebagai “Rumah” selama lebih dari tiga abad.
Sekitar abad ke 9, kota Ani ini sempat merasa perdamaian pada saat kota ini dibawah kekuasaan dinasti Bagratuni dari Armenia. Perdamaian di kota ini berakhir ketika pada awal abad ke 10, terjadi sebuah konflik di keluarga kerajaan dan pada tahun 1045 kota Ani diambil alih oleh pasukan Yunani.
Tetapi tak lama setelah pengambil alihan kekuasaan itu, tepatnya pada tahun 1064, sultan Alp Arsian dari Turki menyerang kota ini dan mengambil alih pemerintahan kota ini. Selama penjajahan sultan Alp Arslan inilah terjadi sebuah pembantaian besar – besaran penduduk kota Ani oleh pasukan sultan Alp Arslan.
Penduduk kota Ani banyak yang melarikan diri saat penjajahan sultan Alp Arslan. Belum selesai penderitaan penduduk kota Ani, setelah sultan Alp Arslan menjual kota ini kepada pemimpin suku Kurdi, yang bernama Shaddadids, terjadilah perang besar antara suku Kurdi dengan kerajaan Georgia dimana terjadi pertumpahan darah dan korban jiwa di kedua belah pihak yang sangat besar. Suku Kurdi akhirnya berhasil dikalahkan pada tahun 1199.
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| view of ani city |
Kota Ani yg sekarang menjadi kota mati, kota berhantu, tak berpenduduk selama lebih dari tiga abad dan terdampar di zona militer Turki diperbatasan Turki dengan Armenia. Semua sisa bangunan yang ada disini makin tidak terawat dari hari ke hari, tindakan iseng tak bertanggung jawab dari para pengunjung situs bersejarah ini, gempa bumi dan tidak adanya restorasi membuat sisa – sisa bangunan disini semakin rusak dan terabaikan, sehingga menimbulkan kesan seram dan penuh misteri.
Kota ini kemudian ditemukan kembali oleh seorang arkeolog di tahun 1921, tanpa populasi dan kehidupan. Suasana dingin bekas kerusakan akibat perang yang terjadi dan pembantaian masih bisa dirasakan. Pada Oktober 2010, Global Fund Heritage menyatakan bahwa kota ini berada di ambang sebuah kehancuran, banyak sisa – sisa bangunan yang tak bisa diperbaiki, dan terancam rata dengan tanah karena ada di daerah konflik perbatasan, yg masih diperebutkan Turki dan Armenia sampai sekarang.
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| Frescoes on the southern wall : the Dormition |
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| The Church of the Redeemer |
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| Manuchihr Mosque |
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| Saint Gregory, western side |
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| Frescoes of the northern wall : the Raising of Lazarus |
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| Frescoes. |
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| saint gregory church |
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| town wall |
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Faktor Peningkat Kehidupan Seks Pasangan Pria Anda
menonton film porno
Anda mungkin berpikir, apa pun kecuali porno, tapi ada sedikit film porno yang dibuat dari sudut perspektif perempuan sehingga para perempuan tidak harus khawatir untuk menonton yang terlalu porno. Pertumbuhan jumlah pemirsa terbesar pornografi hari ini adalah para perempuan, kemungkinan Anda sudah menemukan film yang Anda suka yang baik. Pria begitu gembira jika pasangan mereka menonton film porno dengan mereka. Ini membuat dia melihat pasanganya sedikit nakal yang benar-benar membuat sang pria bertambah gairahnya.
Sms tentang Sex
Jika Anda para perempuan belum mengiriminya teks sugestif, ini adalah cara mudah untuk membuat dia semakin membara. Sepanjang hari dia mengirim sebuah teks tentang apa yang akan Anda lakukan nanti setibanya bertemu anda, Jangan berikan kepadanya banyak detail apa yang akan ada perbuat padanya. cara ini adalah yang terbaik untuk memiliki foreplay tanpa harus bertemu .Dan tiba - tiba dengan santai menunggu dia hanya dengan mengenakan celana dalam thong ketika ia tiba di rumah.
Masukan pakaian dalam beraroma wangi di Tasnya
Untuk Wanita,Belilah pakaian dalam yang menggoda, yang mungkin sesuatu yang baru yang dia belum lihat sebelumnya. Semprot saja dengan parfum dan masukkan ke dalam jaket atau tas sebelum dia pergi untuk bekerja. Ketika dia menemukan celana itu, dia pasti ingin segera bersama Anda saat itu juga, tapi ia akan menunggu untuk pulang. Langkah ini akan membuat dia bergairah seks sepanjang hari.
Berikan sedikitb waktu untuk Blow Job
Selama waktu ketika hanya Anda berdua, berilah ia blow job yang tak terduga. Bila tiba waktu dia hampir berakhir (orgasme), akhirilah sebelum itu, kemudian pergilah menjauh sambil menatap dan tersenyum pada pasangan pria anda. Satu-satunya yang tersisa baginya adalah untuk mengatakan "wow".
Best Snipers in World History
Thomas Plunkett
Was an Irish soldier in the British 95th Rifles. What makes him on of the greats is that he shot a very impressive French general, Auguste-Marie-François Colbert.
During the battle at Cacabelos during Monroes retreat in 1809, Plunkett, using a Baker Rifle, shot the French general at a range of about 600 meters. Giving the incredible inaccuracy of rifles in the early 19th century, this was either a very impressive feat, or one hell of a fluke. Well Plunkett not wanting his army buddies to think he was a bit lucky decided to take the shot again before returning to his line. So he reloaded his gun and took aim once again this time at the trumpet major who had come to the generals aid. When this shot also hit its intended target, proving that Plunkett is just one badass marksman, he looked back to his line to see the impressed faces of the others in the 95th Rifles.
Just for comparison the British soldiers were all armed with ‘Brown Bess muskets’ and trained to shoot into a body of men at 50 meters. Plunkett did 12 times that distance. Twice.
Sgt Grace
The date was May 9th 1864, when Sgt Grace, a Confederate sniper, achieved what was considered to be an incredible shot at the time, and what is definitely the most ironic demise of a target in history. It was during the battle of Spotsylvania when Grace took aim with his British Whitworth Rifle. His target was General John Sedgwick (pictured above) and the distance was 1,000 yards. An extremely long distance for the time. During the beginning of the skirmish, the confederate sharpshooters were causing Sedgwick’s men to duck for cover. Sedgwick refused to duck and was quoted saying “What? Men dodging this way for single bullets? What will you do when they open fire along the whole line? I am ashamed of you. They couldn’t hit Elephants at this distance.” His men persisted in taking cover. He Repeated “They couldn’t hit elephants at this distance” Seconds Later Grace’s shot hits Sedgwick just under his left eye.
Charles ‘Chuck’ Mawhinney
Was an avid hunter as a kid and joined the Marines in 1967. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps during Vietnam and holds the record for number of confirmed kills for Marine snipers, exceeding that of legendary Marine sniper Carlos Hathcock. In just 16 months he killed 103 enemies and another 216 kills were listed as probable’s by the military, only because it was too risky at the time to search the bodies for documents. When he left the Marines he told no-one of his of his role during the conflict and only a few fellow Marines knew of his assignments. It was nearly 20 years before somebody wrote a book detailing his amazing skills as a sniper. Mawhinney came out of anonymity because of this and became a lecturer in sniper schools. He was once quoted saying “it was the ultimate hunting trip: a man hunting another man who was hunting me. Don’t talk to me about hunting lions or elephants; they don’t fight back with rifles and scopes. I just loved it. I ate it up.”
A routinely deadly shot from distances between 300 – 800 yards, Mawhinney had confirmed kills of over 1000 yards, making him one of the greatest snipers of the Vietnam war.
Rob Furlong
A former corporal of the Canadian Forces, he holds the record for the longest confirmed sniper kill in history at 1.51 miles or 2,430 metres. That’s the length of about 26 football pitches.
This amazing feat occurred in 2002, when he was involved in Operation Anaconda. His Sniper Team consisted of 2 Corporals and 3 Master Corporals. When a three man Al-Qaeda weapons team moved into a mountainside position he took aim. Furlong was armed with a .50-caliber McMillan Brothers Tac-50 Rifle and loaded with A-MAX very low drag bullets. He fired and missed. His second shot hit the enemies knapsack on his back. He had already fired his third shot by the time the second hit, but now the enemy knew he was under attack. The airtime for each bullet was about 3 seconds due to the immense distance, enough time for an enemy to take cover. However the dumbfounded militant realised what was happening just in time to take the third shot in the chest.
Vasily Zaytsev
Zaytsev is probably the best known Sniper in history thanks to the movie ‘Enemy At The Gates’. It is a great film and I wish I could say it was all true. However the truth only goes as far as the battle of Stalingrad. There was no Nazi Counter-Sniper Specialist in real life. Well not to the extent of the film. Here’s the truth. Zaytsev was born in Yeleninskoye and grew up in the Ural Mountains. His surname means ‘hare‘. Before Stalingrad, he served as a clerk in the Soviet Navy But after reading about the conflict in the city he volunteered for the front line. he served in the 1047th Rifle Regiment. Zaytsev ran a sniper school in the Metiz factory. The cadets he trained were called Zaichata, meaning ‘Leverets’ (Baby Hares). This was the start of the sniper movement in the 62nd army. It is estimated that the snipers he trained killed more than 3,000 enemy soldiers
Zaytsev himself made 242 confirmed kills between October 1942 and January 1943, but the real number is probably closer to 500. I know I said there was no counter-sniper, but there was Erwin Kónig. Was alleged to be a highly skilled Wehrmacht sniper. Zaytsev claimed in his memoirs that the duel took place over a period of three days in the ruins of Stalingrad. Details of what actually happened are sketchy, but by the end of the three day period Zaytsev had killed the sniper and claimed his scope to be his most prized trophy. For him to make this his most prized trophy means that this person he killed must have been almost as good as Zaytsev himself.
Lyudmila Pavlichenko
In June 1941, Pavlichenko was 24 and Nazi Germany were invading the Soviet Union. She was among the first volunteers and asked to join the infantry. she was assigned to the Red Armies 25th infantry Division. From there she became one of 2000 female snipers of the soviet.
Her first 2 kills were made near Belyayevka using a Mosin-Nagant bolt action rifle with a P.E. 4-power scope. The first action she saw was during the conflict in Odessa. She was there for 2 and a half months and notched 187 kills. When they were forced to relocate, she spent the next 8 months fighting in Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. There she recorded 257 kills and for this feat she was cited by the Southern Army Council. Pavlichenkos’ total confirmed kills during WW2 was 309. 36 of those were enemy snipers.
Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow
Three times awarded the military medal and twice seriously wounded, he was an expert marksman and scout, credited with 378 German kills and capturing 300+ more. He was an Ojibwa warrior with the Canadians in battles like those at mount sorrel. As if killing nearly 400 Germans wasn’t enough, he was also awarded medals for running messages through very heavy enemy fire, for directing a crucial relief effort when his commanding officer was incapacitated and for running through enemy fire to get more ammo when his unit was running low.
Though a hero among his fellow soldier, he was virtually forgotten once he returned home to Canada. Regardless he was one of the most affective snipers of world war 1.
Adelbert F. Waldron
He holds the record for the highest number of confirmed kills for any American sniper in history. However it is not just his impressive kill record that makes him one of the best, but also his incredible accuracy.
This excerpt from ‘Inside the Crosshairs: Snipers in Vietnam’ by Col. Michael Lee Lanning, describes just what I’m talking about:
“One afternoon he was riding along the Mekong River on a Tango boat when an enemy sniper on shore pecked away at the boat. While everyone else on board strained to find the antagonist, who was firing from the shoreline over 900 meters away, Sergeant Waldron took up his sniper rifle and picked off the Vietcong out of the top of a coconut tree with one shot (this from a moving platform). Such was the capability of our best sniper.” Nuff Said.
If there was a scale of difficulty for shots like these, it would be next to impossible to beat. well lets try to do that anyway.
Carlos Norman Hathcock II
Hathcock has one of the most impressive mission records of any sniper in the Marine corps. Lets forget about the dozens of shooting championships he won, during the Vietnam war he amassed 93 confirmed kills. The Vietnam army put a $30,000 bounty on his life for killing so many of their men. Rewards put on U.S. snipers by the NVA (North Vietnamese Army) typically amounted to….say $8.
It was Hathcock who fired the most famous shot in sniper history. He fired a round, over a very long distance, which went through the scope of an enemy sniper, hit him in the eye, and killed him. Hathcock and Roland Burke his spotter were stalking the enemy sniper, (which had already killed several Marines) which they believed was sent to kill him specifically. When Hathcock saw a flash of light reflecting off the enemies scope he fired at it in a split second pulling off one of the most precise shots in history. Hathcock reasoned that the only way that this was possible, would have been if both snipers were aiming at each others scopes at the same time, and he fired first. However, although the distance was never confirmed, Hathcock knew that because of the flight time, it would have been easy for both snipers to kill each other. The white feather was synonymous with Hathcock (He kept one in his hat) and he removed it only once for a mission. Keep in mind that he volunteered for this mission, but he had to crawl over 1500 yards of enemy territory to shoot an NVA commanding general. Information wasn’t sent until he was on-route. (He volunteered for a mission he knew nothing about) It took 4 days and 3 nights without sleep of inch-by-inch crawling. One enemy soldier almost stepped on him as he laid camouflaged in a meadow. At another point he was nearly bitten by a viper, he didn’t flinch. He finally got into position and waited for the general. When he arrived Hathcock was ready. He fired one round and hit the general through the chest killing him. The soldiers started a search for the sniper and Hathcock had to crawl back to avoid detection. They never caught him. Nerves of steel.
Simo Häyhä
Was a Finnish soldier who, using an iron sighted bolt action rifle, amassed the highest recorded confirmed kills as a sniper in any war…ever!!
Häyhä was born in the municipality of Rautjärvi near the present-day border of Finland and Russia, and started his military service in 1925. His duties as a sniper began during the ‘winter war’ (1939-1940) between Russia and Finland. During the conflict Häyhä endured freezing temperatures up to -40 degrees Celsius. In less than 100 days he was credited with 505 confirmed kills, 542 if including unconfirmed kills, however the unofficial frontline figures from the battlefield places the number of sniper kills at over 800. Besides his sniper kills he was also credited with 200 from a Suomi KP/31 Submachine gun, topping off his total confirmed kills at 705.
How Häyhä did all this was amazing. He was basically on his own all day, in the snow, shooting Russians, for 3 months straight. Of course when the Russians caught wind that a shit load of soldiers were being killed, they thought ‘well this is war, there’s bound to be casualties’. But when the generals were told that it was one man with a rifle they decided to take a bit of action. first they sent in a counter-sniper. When his body was returned they decided to send in a team of counter-snipers. When they didn’t come back at all they sent in a whole goddamn battalion. They took casualties and couldn’t find him. Eventually they ordered an artillery strike, but to no avail. You see Häyhä was clever, and this was his neck of the woods. He dressed completely in white camouflage. He used a smaller rifle to suit his smaller frame (being 5ft3) increasing his accuracy. he used an iron sight to present the smallest possible target (a scoped sight would require the sniper to raise his head for sighting). He compacted the snow in front of the barrel, so as not to disturb it when he shot thus revealing his position. He also kept snow in his mouth so his breath did not condense and reveal where his was. Eventually however his was shot in the jaw by a stray bullet during combat on March 6 1940. He was picked up by his own soldiers who said half his head was missing. He didn’t die however and regained consciousness on the 13th, the day peace was declared.
Once again total kills…. 505 sniper + 200 submachine = 705 total Confirmed Kills…all in less that 100 days.
source
Was an Irish soldier in the British 95th Rifles. What makes him on of the greats is that he shot a very impressive French general, Auguste-Marie-François Colbert.
During the battle at Cacabelos during Monroes retreat in 1809, Plunkett, using a Baker Rifle, shot the French general at a range of about 600 meters. Giving the incredible inaccuracy of rifles in the early 19th century, this was either a very impressive feat, or one hell of a fluke. Well Plunkett not wanting his army buddies to think he was a bit lucky decided to take the shot again before returning to his line. So he reloaded his gun and took aim once again this time at the trumpet major who had come to the generals aid. When this shot also hit its intended target, proving that Plunkett is just one badass marksman, he looked back to his line to see the impressed faces of the others in the 95th Rifles.
Just for comparison the British soldiers were all armed with ‘Brown Bess muskets’ and trained to shoot into a body of men at 50 meters. Plunkett did 12 times that distance. Twice.
Sgt Grace
The date was May 9th 1864, when Sgt Grace, a Confederate sniper, achieved what was considered to be an incredible shot at the time, and what is definitely the most ironic demise of a target in history. It was during the battle of Spotsylvania when Grace took aim with his British Whitworth Rifle. His target was General John Sedgwick (pictured above) and the distance was 1,000 yards. An extremely long distance for the time. During the beginning of the skirmish, the confederate sharpshooters were causing Sedgwick’s men to duck for cover. Sedgwick refused to duck and was quoted saying “What? Men dodging this way for single bullets? What will you do when they open fire along the whole line? I am ashamed of you. They couldn’t hit Elephants at this distance.” His men persisted in taking cover. He Repeated “They couldn’t hit elephants at this distance” Seconds Later Grace’s shot hits Sedgwick just under his left eye.
Charles ‘Chuck’ Mawhinney
Was an avid hunter as a kid and joined the Marines in 1967. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps during Vietnam and holds the record for number of confirmed kills for Marine snipers, exceeding that of legendary Marine sniper Carlos Hathcock. In just 16 months he killed 103 enemies and another 216 kills were listed as probable’s by the military, only because it was too risky at the time to search the bodies for documents. When he left the Marines he told no-one of his of his role during the conflict and only a few fellow Marines knew of his assignments. It was nearly 20 years before somebody wrote a book detailing his amazing skills as a sniper. Mawhinney came out of anonymity because of this and became a lecturer in sniper schools. He was once quoted saying “it was the ultimate hunting trip: a man hunting another man who was hunting me. Don’t talk to me about hunting lions or elephants; they don’t fight back with rifles and scopes. I just loved it. I ate it up.”
A routinely deadly shot from distances between 300 – 800 yards, Mawhinney had confirmed kills of over 1000 yards, making him one of the greatest snipers of the Vietnam war.
Rob Furlong
A former corporal of the Canadian Forces, he holds the record for the longest confirmed sniper kill in history at 1.51 miles or 2,430 metres. That’s the length of about 26 football pitches.
This amazing feat occurred in 2002, when he was involved in Operation Anaconda. His Sniper Team consisted of 2 Corporals and 3 Master Corporals. When a three man Al-Qaeda weapons team moved into a mountainside position he took aim. Furlong was armed with a .50-caliber McMillan Brothers Tac-50 Rifle and loaded with A-MAX very low drag bullets. He fired and missed. His second shot hit the enemies knapsack on his back. He had already fired his third shot by the time the second hit, but now the enemy knew he was under attack. The airtime for each bullet was about 3 seconds due to the immense distance, enough time for an enemy to take cover. However the dumbfounded militant realised what was happening just in time to take the third shot in the chest.
Vasily Zaytsev
Zaytsev is probably the best known Sniper in history thanks to the movie ‘Enemy At The Gates’. It is a great film and I wish I could say it was all true. However the truth only goes as far as the battle of Stalingrad. There was no Nazi Counter-Sniper Specialist in real life. Well not to the extent of the film. Here’s the truth. Zaytsev was born in Yeleninskoye and grew up in the Ural Mountains. His surname means ‘hare‘. Before Stalingrad, he served as a clerk in the Soviet Navy But after reading about the conflict in the city he volunteered for the front line. he served in the 1047th Rifle Regiment. Zaytsev ran a sniper school in the Metiz factory. The cadets he trained were called Zaichata, meaning ‘Leverets’ (Baby Hares). This was the start of the sniper movement in the 62nd army. It is estimated that the snipers he trained killed more than 3,000 enemy soldiers
Zaytsev himself made 242 confirmed kills between October 1942 and January 1943, but the real number is probably closer to 500. I know I said there was no counter-sniper, but there was Erwin Kónig. Was alleged to be a highly skilled Wehrmacht sniper. Zaytsev claimed in his memoirs that the duel took place over a period of three days in the ruins of Stalingrad. Details of what actually happened are sketchy, but by the end of the three day period Zaytsev had killed the sniper and claimed his scope to be his most prized trophy. For him to make this his most prized trophy means that this person he killed must have been almost as good as Zaytsev himself.
Lyudmila Pavlichenko
In June 1941, Pavlichenko was 24 and Nazi Germany were invading the Soviet Union. She was among the first volunteers and asked to join the infantry. she was assigned to the Red Armies 25th infantry Division. From there she became one of 2000 female snipers of the soviet.
Her first 2 kills were made near Belyayevka using a Mosin-Nagant bolt action rifle with a P.E. 4-power scope. The first action she saw was during the conflict in Odessa. She was there for 2 and a half months and notched 187 kills. When they were forced to relocate, she spent the next 8 months fighting in Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. There she recorded 257 kills and for this feat she was cited by the Southern Army Council. Pavlichenkos’ total confirmed kills during WW2 was 309. 36 of those were enemy snipers.
Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow
Three times awarded the military medal and twice seriously wounded, he was an expert marksman and scout, credited with 378 German kills and capturing 300+ more. He was an Ojibwa warrior with the Canadians in battles like those at mount sorrel. As if killing nearly 400 Germans wasn’t enough, he was also awarded medals for running messages through very heavy enemy fire, for directing a crucial relief effort when his commanding officer was incapacitated and for running through enemy fire to get more ammo when his unit was running low.
Though a hero among his fellow soldier, he was virtually forgotten once he returned home to Canada. Regardless he was one of the most affective snipers of world war 1.
Adelbert F. Waldron
He holds the record for the highest number of confirmed kills for any American sniper in history. However it is not just his impressive kill record that makes him one of the best, but also his incredible accuracy.
This excerpt from ‘Inside the Crosshairs: Snipers in Vietnam’ by Col. Michael Lee Lanning, describes just what I’m talking about:
“One afternoon he was riding along the Mekong River on a Tango boat when an enemy sniper on shore pecked away at the boat. While everyone else on board strained to find the antagonist, who was firing from the shoreline over 900 meters away, Sergeant Waldron took up his sniper rifle and picked off the Vietcong out of the top of a coconut tree with one shot (this from a moving platform). Such was the capability of our best sniper.” Nuff Said.
If there was a scale of difficulty for shots like these, it would be next to impossible to beat. well lets try to do that anyway.
Carlos Norman Hathcock II
Hathcock has one of the most impressive mission records of any sniper in the Marine corps. Lets forget about the dozens of shooting championships he won, during the Vietnam war he amassed 93 confirmed kills. The Vietnam army put a $30,000 bounty on his life for killing so many of their men. Rewards put on U.S. snipers by the NVA (North Vietnamese Army) typically amounted to….say $8.
It was Hathcock who fired the most famous shot in sniper history. He fired a round, over a very long distance, which went through the scope of an enemy sniper, hit him in the eye, and killed him. Hathcock and Roland Burke his spotter were stalking the enemy sniper, (which had already killed several Marines) which they believed was sent to kill him specifically. When Hathcock saw a flash of light reflecting off the enemies scope he fired at it in a split second pulling off one of the most precise shots in history. Hathcock reasoned that the only way that this was possible, would have been if both snipers were aiming at each others scopes at the same time, and he fired first. However, although the distance was never confirmed, Hathcock knew that because of the flight time, it would have been easy for both snipers to kill each other. The white feather was synonymous with Hathcock (He kept one in his hat) and he removed it only once for a mission. Keep in mind that he volunteered for this mission, but he had to crawl over 1500 yards of enemy territory to shoot an NVA commanding general. Information wasn’t sent until he was on-route. (He volunteered for a mission he knew nothing about) It took 4 days and 3 nights without sleep of inch-by-inch crawling. One enemy soldier almost stepped on him as he laid camouflaged in a meadow. At another point he was nearly bitten by a viper, he didn’t flinch. He finally got into position and waited for the general. When he arrived Hathcock was ready. He fired one round and hit the general through the chest killing him. The soldiers started a search for the sniper and Hathcock had to crawl back to avoid detection. They never caught him. Nerves of steel.
Simo Häyhä
Was a Finnish soldier who, using an iron sighted bolt action rifle, amassed the highest recorded confirmed kills as a sniper in any war…ever!!
Häyhä was born in the municipality of Rautjärvi near the present-day border of Finland and Russia, and started his military service in 1925. His duties as a sniper began during the ‘winter war’ (1939-1940) between Russia and Finland. During the conflict Häyhä endured freezing temperatures up to -40 degrees Celsius. In less than 100 days he was credited with 505 confirmed kills, 542 if including unconfirmed kills, however the unofficial frontline figures from the battlefield places the number of sniper kills at over 800. Besides his sniper kills he was also credited with 200 from a Suomi KP/31 Submachine gun, topping off his total confirmed kills at 705.
How Häyhä did all this was amazing. He was basically on his own all day, in the snow, shooting Russians, for 3 months straight. Of course when the Russians caught wind that a shit load of soldiers were being killed, they thought ‘well this is war, there’s bound to be casualties’. But when the generals were told that it was one man with a rifle they decided to take a bit of action. first they sent in a counter-sniper. When his body was returned they decided to send in a team of counter-snipers. When they didn’t come back at all they sent in a whole goddamn battalion. They took casualties and couldn’t find him. Eventually they ordered an artillery strike, but to no avail. You see Häyhä was clever, and this was his neck of the woods. He dressed completely in white camouflage. He used a smaller rifle to suit his smaller frame (being 5ft3) increasing his accuracy. he used an iron sight to present the smallest possible target (a scoped sight would require the sniper to raise his head for sighting). He compacted the snow in front of the barrel, so as not to disturb it when he shot thus revealing his position. He also kept snow in his mouth so his breath did not condense and reveal where his was. Eventually however his was shot in the jaw by a stray bullet during combat on March 6 1940. He was picked up by his own soldiers who said half his head was missing. He didn’t die however and regained consciousness on the 13th, the day peace was declared.
Once again total kills…. 505 sniper + 200 submachine = 705 total Confirmed Kills…all in less that 100 days.
source
Sniper Terbaik Dalam Sejarah Dunia
Apa yang membuat dia terkenal adalah bahwa dia menembak Jendral Prancis yang sangat hebat, yaitu Auguste-Marie-François Colbert.Selama pertempuran di Cacabelos tahun 1809, Plunkett, menggunakan senapan Baker, menembak sang jendral Prancis pada jarak sekitar 600 meter. ini adalah salah satu prestasi dalam menembak yang sangat mengesankan, atau satu kebetulan saja?? Yah Plunkett tidak ingin teman pasukannya untuk berpikir bahwa dia hanya sedikit beruntung, maka ia memutuskan untuk membidik musih lagi sebelum kembali ke barisannya. Jadi ia mengisi pistolnya dan membidik sekali lagi. kali ini pasukan bantuan besar datang sebagai bantuan untuk jenderal yang terluka. Ketika ia menembak,ternyata tembakanya juga mencapai target yang diinginkan, membuktikan bahwa Plunkett adalah salah satu penembak jitu terbaik di jamanya, ia melihat kembali ke garis untuk melihat wajah terkesan dari teman - temanya yang lain.
Hanya untuk perbandingan, tentara Inggris semua dipersenjatai dengan senapan ‘Brown Bess muskets’ dan dilatih untuk menembak dengan jarak 50 meter. Tapi Plunkett melakukan 12 kali-nya dari jarak tersebut (600m). Dua kali tepat sasaran.
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| John Sedgwick |
Tanggalnya 9 Mei 1864, ketika Sersan Grace, seorang sniper Konfederasi, mencapai apa yang dianggap sebagai tembakan yang luar biasa pada saat itu, dan apa yang pasti rekor target kematian paling ironis dalam sejarah. Ia selama pertempuran di Spotsylvania ketika membidik dengan senapan British Whitworth nya, Sasarannya adalah Jenderal John Sedgwick (gambar samping) dan jaraknya 1.000 meter. Sebuah jarak yang sangat jauh untuk waktu itu. Selama awal pertempuran, para penembak jitu dari konfederasi menyebabkan anak buah Sedgwick untuk tetap berlindung,tapi Sedgwick menolak untuk berlindung dan berkata "Apa? Pria menghindari temabakan sebuah peluru dengan cara ini?? Apa yang akan Anda lakukan ketika mereka melepaskan tembakan sepanjang waktu?? Saya malu pada Anda. Mereka tidak akan bisa menembak Gajah pada jarak ini ". Orang-orangnya bertahan dalam perlindungan.. Dia berkata lagi "Mereka tidak bisa menembak gajah pada jarak ini" .satu detik Kemudian tembakan Grace mengbenai Sedgwick tepat di bawah mata kirinya.
Charles ‘Chuck’ Mawhinney
Rob Furlong
Ini prestasi yang luar biasa terjadi pada tahun 2002, ketika dia terlibat dalam Operasi Anaconda. Ketika tiga orang bersenjata dari Al-Qaeda pindahke posisi di lereng gunung, ia mulai membidik. Furlong dipersenjatai dengan McMillan Tac Rifle kaliber 50 dan di isi dengan A-MAX. Dia pun menembak dan dijawab tembakan lain oleh musuh. Tembakan kedua menabrak musuh di ransel di punggungnya. Dia sudah melepaskan tembakan yang ketiga setelah tembakan kedua, tapi sekarang musuh tahu dia diserang. Air time untuk setiap peluru sekitar 3 detik karena jarak yang sangat jauh, waktu yang cukup untuk musuh untuk segera berlindung. Namun militan tercengang saat menyadari apa yang terjadi tepat pada waktunya untuk peluru ketiga di tembakan di dadanya.
Vasily Zaytsev
Zaytsev sendiri membuat tewas 242 targetnya yang dikonfirmasi terjadi bulan Oktober 1942 sampai Januari 1943, namun jumlah sebenarnya mungkin lebih dekat dengan angka 500 korban. Ternyata ada kontra-penembak jitu,yaitu ada Erwin König. Ia Diduga menjadi penembak jitu di Wehrmacht yang sangat terampil. Zaytsev menyatakan dalam memoarnya bahwa duel berlangsung selama tiga hari di reruntuhan Stalingrad. Rincian apa yang sebenarnya terjadi hanya samar, tetapi pada akhir periode tiga hari, Zaytsev telah membunuh para penembak jitu musuh di wilayah yang di rebutnya, ia anggap itu sebagai piala yang paling berharga.
Lyudmila Pavlichenko
2 target di lumpuhkan dekat Belyayevka menggunakan senapan Mosin-Nagant Bold. Aksi pertama yang di laluinya adalah selama di konflik Odessa. Dia ada di sana selama 2 setengah bulan dan menewaskan 187 target. Ketika mereka dipaksa untuk pindah, dia menghabiskan 8 bulan berikutnya di pertempuran Sevastopol di Semenanjung Krimea. Ia mencatatkan rekornya membunuh 257 target dan untuk prestasi ini ia dicatat oleh Southern Army Council. Rekor Membunuh dari Pavlichenkos 'dikonfirmasikan selama WW2 adalah 309. 36, mereka adalah penembak jitu musuh.
Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow
Meskipun ia adalah pahlawan di antara sesama prajurit, ia hampir lupa setelah ia pulang ke Kanada. Terlepas dia adalah salah satu penembak jitu paling afektif perang dunia 1.
Adelbert F. Waldron
Ini kutipan dari '‘Inside the Crosshairs: Snipers in Vietnam’' oleh Kolonel Michael Lee Lanning, ia menjelaskan apa yang saya bicarakan: "Suatu sore ia naik di sepanjang Sungai Mekong di kapal Tango ketika penembak jitu musuh di pantai berada jauh di perahu. Sementara semua orang lain di kapal sedang tegang untuk menemukan nyali untuk menembak dari garis pantai yang jauhnya lebih dari 900 meter, Sersan Waldron mengambil senapan sniper dan menembak Vietkong dari atas pohon kelapa dengan satu tembakan.
Carlos Norman Hathcock II
Hathcock melepaskan tembakan paling terkenal dalam sejarah sniper. Dia menembak sambil bergerak, dengan jarak yang sangat panjang, yang melewati penembak jitu musuh, menembak mata, dan membunuhnya. Hathcock dan Roland Burke menguntit penembak jitu musuh, (yang telah membunuh beberapa Marinir) yang mereka percaya diutus untuk membunuhnya secara khusus. Ketika Hathcock melihat kilatan cahaya terpantul oleh musuh, dia menembak dalam hitungan detik dan ini menjadi salah satu tembakan yang paling tepat dalam sejarah. Hathcock beralasan bahwa itu satu-satunya cara yang harus di lakukan, kalau tidak, dia yang akan menjadi pertama. Bulu putih memang identik dengan Hathcock (Dia terus satu di topinya) dan dia tidak memakai itu hanya sekali untuk sebuah misi. Perlu diketahui bahwa ia secara sukarela masuk untuk misi ini, tapi dia harus merangkak lebih dari 1500 meter di wilayah musuh dan menembak komandan umum Vietnam Utara. (Dia secara sukarela masuk untuk misi yang ia tidak mengetahui tentang apapun) Butuh waktu 4 hari 3 malam tanpa tidur untuk merangkak sampai ke target tersebut. Seorang tentara musuh hampir menginjaknya saat ia menyamarkan diri di padang rumput, saat lain ia hampir digigit ular berbisa, tapi ia tidak gentar. Dia akhirnya masuk ke posisi dan menunggu untuk membidik jendral musuh. Ketika jendral tiba, Hathcock pun sudah siap. Dia menembak satu kali, dan peluru mengenai dada sang jendral untuk menewaskandia. Para prajurit Vietnam mulai mencari penembak jitu yang membunuh jendralnya dan Hathcock harus merangkak kembali untuk menghindari musuh. Mereka tidak pernah menangkapnya pada akhirnya.
Simo Häyhä
Häyhä lahir di kotamadya Rautjärvi dekat perbatasan kini Finlandia dan Rusia, dan mulai dinas militer pada tahun 1925. Tugasnya sebagai penembak jitu di mulai selama 'perang dingin' (1939-1940) antara Rusia dan Finlandia. Selama konflik Häyhä bertahan dalam suhu beku hingga -40 derajat Celcius. Dalam waktu kurang dari 100 hari ia dikreditkan dengan membunuh 505 target.
Bagaimana Häyhä melakukan semua ini sangat mengagumkan. Dia pada dasarnya hanya sendirian saja, di salju, menembak orang - orang Rusia, selama 3 bulan terus menerus. Tentu saja ketika Rusia mendengar kabar tentaranya terbunuh, mereka berpikir ini adalah perang. Tapi ketika para jenderal diberitahu bahwa itu adalah perbuatan satu orang dengan sepucuk senapan, mereka memutuskan untuk mengambil sedikit tindakan. pertama yang mereka kirim adalah pasukan kontra-penembak jitu. Ketika mereka tidak kembali dengan selamat sama sekali, mereka lalu mengirim dalam batalyon sialan. Mereka semua malah menjadi korban dan tidak bisa menemukan Simo. Akhirnya mereka memerintahkan serangan artileri, tetapi tetap tidak berhasil. Anda lihat Häyhä sosok yang. Dia berpakaian serba kamuflase putih. Dia menggunakan senapan lebih kecil yang sesuai dengan tubuhnya, itu meningkatkan akurasi nya. Dia memadatkan salju di depan laras, agar tidak mengganggu ketika ia ditembak, dengan demikian tidak mengungkapkan posisinya. Dia juga terus memakai salju dalam mulutnya sehingga napasnya tidak mengembun dan mengungkapkan posisinya. Namun akhirnya ia tertembak di rahang akibat peluru nyasar selama pertempuran pada tanggal 6 Maret 1940. Ia ditangkap oleh tentara, yang mengatakan setengah kepalanya hilang. Dia tidak mati namun dia sadar kembali.
Sekali lagi rekor total membunuhnya 505 sniper + 200 = 705 korban,semua dalam waktu kurang yang 100 hari. itupun yang di konfoirmasi, belum di tambah dengan korban yang tidak di konfirmasi.
Mempercepat Proses Shutdown Pada Windows XP
Mungkin
anda pernah mengalami proses shutdown yang begitu lama pada saat anda
ingin mematikan komputer anda. Memang proses shutdown yang memakan waktu
begitu lama akan sangat menjengkelkan bagi kita dan terlebih lagi jika
kita memang ingin segera mematikan komputer tersebut karena ada
pekerjaan yang lain.
Berikut
ada beberapa teknik yang bisa digunakan untuk mempercepat proses
shutdown windows anda yaitu dengan cara memodifikasi beberapa registry
pada windows anda.
1. Digunakan untuk menutup semua aplikasi pada saat shutdown (auto kill ).
· Masuk ke registry editor anda ( Start –> Run –> Ketik regedit )
· Masuk ke registry berikut
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop
· Cari key dengan nama “AutoEndTasks” dan klik kanan key tersebut lalu pilih Modify, ubah Value Data menjadi 1.
2. Digunakan untuk merubah waktu menutup suatu aplikasi jika ada aplikasi yang Hang.
· Masuk ke registry editor anda ( Start –> Run –> Ketik regedit )
· Masuk ke registry berikut
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop
· Cari key dengan nama “WaitToKillAppTimeout” dan “HungAppTimeout”.
· Klik kanan masing-masing key tersebut lalu pilih Modify dan ubah Value Data menjadi 1000.
3. Digunakan untuk menonaktifkan fasilitas Clearing Paging File.
· Masuk ke registry editor anda ( Start –> Run –> Ketik regedit )
· Masuk ke registry berikut
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\Memory Management
· Cari key dengan nama “ClearPageFileOnShutdown”.
· Klik kanan key tersebut lalu pilih Modify dan ubah Value Data menjadi 0 jika Value Data belum sama dengan 0.
Sejarah Motor Harley Davidson
Siapa tak kenal Harley Davidson. Sejarah Harley Davidson awalnya dari sebuah ide sederhana. Yakni dari niat William Harley dan Arthur Davidson membuat motor yang bisa melahap tanjakan yang ada di daerah Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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| Arthur Davidson |
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| William Harley |
Terobosannya yang paling penting adalah mesin berkonfigurasi V, yang kemudian juga dikenal dengan Knucklehead, Panhead, Shovelhead, Evolution, sampai Twin Cam. Mesin ini belakangan menjadi acuan bagi perusahaan lain, khususnya dari Jepang, dalam membuat motor besar.
Mulai dengan Mesin 60 cc
Harley dan Davidson memulai perjalanan panjang ini pada 1903, ketika usia mereka masih di awal 20-an. Hasil perdana utak-atik dua anak muda ini adalah mesin satu silinder dengan kapasitas 60 cc. Bisa jalan dan berhasil melahap tanjakan dengan gampang. Belakangan, karena sukses ini, dua saudara Arthur, Walter dan William Davidson, ikut bergabung.
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| Harley Davidson made in 1905 |
Dua tahun kemudian, mereka sepakat melembagakan usahanya itu ke dalam Harley-Davidson Motorcycles Co. Ketika berdiri, perusahaan itu baru memproduksi tiga unit motor. Ketiga motor itu dihasilkan dari ''pabrik'' di halaman rumah milik keluarga Davidson. Yang disebut pabrik itu adalah gubuk kecil di belakang rumah keluarga Davidson.
Pada 1906, perusahaan itu pindah ke Juneau Avenue, menempati ruangan lebih luas. Karena lebih leluasa, tahun itu Harley-Davidson bisa menghasilkan 150 unit motor. Kebanyakan motor mereka dibeli kepolisian setempat. Alasannya, motor Harley-Davidson bisa dipacu dengan kecepatan cukup tinggi, dan lincah.
Enam tahun setelah berdiri, Harley-Davidson memperkenalkan mesin dua silinder konfigurasi V dengan sudut 45 derajat. Kapasitas mesin itu 49,5 kubik inci (sekitar 790 cc) dan mampu menghasilkan sekitar tujuh tenaga kuda. Dengan mesin itu, kecepatan 60 mil per jam bisa dicapai. Ketika itu, Harley-Davidson tak mengira mesin model itu bakal jadi salah satu ciri khas produk mereka.
Tahun yang sama, Harley-Davidson berhasil menerobos angka produksi 1.000 unit, tepatnya 1.149 unit. Persaingan dari pabrik lain mulai terasa, dua tahun kemudian. Rupanya, sukses Harley-Davidson menjadi inspirasi bagi pabrik lain untuk memulai usaha. Pada 1911, paling tidak muncul sekitar 150 merek motor. Mereka tentu jadi pesaing Harley-Davidson, walaupun tak berat-berat betul.
Buktinya, Harley-Davidson tak sulit menambah produksi. Pada 1913, ketika pabrik sudah diperluas, produksi Harley-Davidson hampir mencapai 13.000 unit. Jumlah itu bertambah lagi selama periode 1916 sampai 1918, menjadi sekitar 20.000 unit. Ini terutama karena Pemerintah Amerika Serikat memesan kendaraan roda dua untuk keperluan Perang Dunia I.
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| Harley D 1915 |
Menaklukan The Great Depression
MEMASUKI 1920-an, Harley-Davidson menjadi pabrik motor terbesar di dunia, dengan jumlah produksi 28.189 unit. Untuk memasarkan produknya itu, Harley-Davidson punya agen di 67 negara. Pada dekade ini, Harley-Davidson memperkenalkan sejumlah inovasi. Kapasitas mesin V dikembangkan menjadi 74 inci kubik (sekitar 1.184 cc). Tangki bensin desain tetes air mata diperkenalkan pada 1925. Pada 1928, motor Harley-Davidson mulai dilengkapi rem depan.
Semua prestasi itu cukup menjadi modal Harley-Davidson dalam menghadapi The Great Depression, resesi ekonomi 1933. Walau jumlah produksi menurun sampai 3.700 unit, Harley-Davidson mampu bertahan. Pembuat motor lain yang juga bertahan adalah Indian. Perusahaan ini kemudian menjadi satu-satunya pesaing Harley-Davidson hingga 1950-an.
Ketika depresi selesai, Harley-Davidson langsung tancap gas. Mereka memperkenalkan model EL dengan mesin berkapasitas 976 cc. Model mesin seperti ini populer dengan sebutan Knucklehead. Dengan Knucklehead, Harley-Davidson perlahan bangkit. Pada 1936, jumlah produksi Harley-Davidson mencapai 9.812 unit.
Perang Dunia II membawa berkah tersendiri, sekaligus menjadi tonggak sejarah baru bagi Harley-Davidson. Setelah Jepang menyerang Pearl Harbour, seluruh kemampuan produksi Harley-Davidson dialokasikan untuk menghasilkan motor bagi kepentingan pasukan Sekutu. Kebutuhan konsumen sipil ditinggalkan sama sekali.
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| Harley D 1942 |
Selama 1941-1945, sekitar 90.000 unit Harley-Davidson seri WML dibuat. Untuk prestasi itu, Harley-Davidson mendapat medali ''E'' dari Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat.
Usai perang, Harley-Davidson kembali membuka keran produksi sipilnya. Eh, ternyata banyak veteran perang yang kepincut performa motor itu, dan ingin mengembalikan romantisme mengendarai Harley-Davidson. Ribuan unit Harley-Davidson, baik produksi sesudah perang maupun model lama, berpindah ke rumah para veteran, cikal bakal penggemar fanatik Harley-Davidson.
Bersaing dengan Indian
Pada tahun 1948, produksi Harley-Davidson menjadi 31.163 unit. Tahun itu, Harley-Davidson kembali memperkenalkan inovasi barunya, yaitu mesin 74 inci kubik yang dilengkapi hydraulic valve lifters dan cylinder head aluminium. Mesin ini disebut The Panhead karena tutup kepala silindernya menyerupai penggorengan terbalik.
Memasuki 1950-an, generasi kedua keluarga pendiri mulai menjadi motor penggerak perusahaan itu. Ketika merayakan hari jadi ke-50, Harley-Davidson tinggal sendirian di pasar motor Amerika. Pesaing tradisionalnya, Indian, sudah gulung tikar.
Pada 1957, Harley-Davidson memperkenalkan The Sportster, yang disebut-sebut sebagai The Father of Superbikes, biangnya motor besar. Setahun kemudian, Harley-Davidson memperkenalkan Duo Glide, yang menggunakan suspensi belakang hidrolik untuk melengkapi suspensi depan yang menggunakan model garpu.
Berikutnya, pada 1963, Harley-Davidson mengadopsi penggunaan fiberglass ke dalam motor-motornya. Untuk keperluan ini, mereka membeli 60% saham Tomahawk Boat Manufacturing Co, produsen fiberglass di Wisconsin.
Tahun 1950-1960 juga ditandai dengan hadirnya komunitas bikers, yang memperkenalkan budaya pengendara motor. Mereka gampang dikenali karena menggunakan jaket kulit, penuh tato, dan berambut panjang. Citra Wild Ones ini diperkenalkan Marlon Brando lewat film berjudul sama.
Komunitas resmi Harley-Davidson sendiri baru didirikan pada 1983, dengan nama Harley Owner Group (HOG). Ini menjadi komunitas pemilik Harley-Davidson terbesar yang disokong langsung oleh produsen. Saat ini, jumlah anggota HOG mendekati satu juta orang di seluruh dunia.
Masa Gelap Akibat Merger
PADA 1965, Harley-Davidson masuk bursa. Empat tahun kemudian, American Machine and Foundry (AMF) melakukan merger dengan Harley-Davidson. Namun, masa merger ini dianggap sebagai masa paling gelap dalam sejarah Harley-Davidson. Pasalnya, pada 1970 dan 1980, motor buatan Jepang yang harganya sangat murah memasuki pasar.
Ketika Honda, Kawasaki, dan Suzuki masuk pasar Amerika Serikat, pangsa pasar Harley-Davidson turun drastis. Dari semula 80% pada 1969, menjadi 20% sepuluh tahun kemudian. Penurunan pangsa pasar itu membuat gerah sejumlah eksekutif Harley-Davidson. Mereka pun mencari jalan untuk menyelamatkan perusahaan.
Untuk mengembalikan Harley-Davidson ke khitahnya, mereka mengajukan proposal ke Citicorp. Dengan sokongan dana US$ 80 juta dari Citicorp, mereka membeli kembali saham yang dikuasai AMF (Citicorp menjual saham itu ke Heller-Financial Corporation pada 1986). Konsep dan filosofi produksi dan jualan Harley-Davidson pun diperbaiki.
Semula, motor Harley-Davidson adalah produk yang terjangkau dan mudah dipakai serta dimodifikasi. Itu diubah dengan menjadikan Harley-Davidson produk mahal dan onderdilnya sulit dicari. Untuk mengganti lampu belakang, misalnya, pemilik motor Harley-Davidson tak bisa cuma membeli batoknya. Tapi harus membeli keseluruhan sepatbornya.
Selain Marlon Brando, sejumlah selebriti menjadikan motor Harley-Davidson bagian dari penampilan mereka. Baik di layar lebar, layar kaca, maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pada 1956, Elvis Presley, si Raja Rock 'n' Roll, dan sebuah motor Harley-Davidson menjadi sampul majalah Enthusiast.
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| Brando with harley |
Aktor Keanu Reeves juga sempat membagikan 12 unit Harley-Davidson, yang total harganya mencapai US$ 200.000, kepada semua pemeran pengganti film Matrix Reloaded. Menurut Reeves, ini merupakan tanda terima kasihnya kepada para stuntman itu.
source
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